Which countries use the euro: EU and non EU nations explained

The euro (€) is one of the most powerful and widely used currencies in the world. Introduced in 1999 as an electronic currency and in 2002 as physical coins and banknotes, the euro has become a unifying symbol for many European countries. However, not all members of the European Union (EU) use the euro, and some non EU nations have also adopted it. This article explores which countries use the euro, explains why some EU countries have opted out, and shows how the euro circulates outside the EU.

What travelers should know about the euro: notes, coins, and key features

The euro (€) is the official currency of the eurozone, spanning 20 European Union countries, and is also used by several non EU states. Euro banknotes come in seven denominations—€5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200, and €500—with the €500 note phased out in the Europa series since 2019. These notes are identical in design across all adopting countries, featuring distinctive sizes, colours, and depictions of architectural eras, enhancing both functionality and aesthetic appeal.
In addition to paper money, there are eight coin denominations, ranging from 1 cent to €2, with uniform reverse sides and country-specific national designs on the obverse. These physical characteristics combine security, usability, and a nod to European cultural identity.

The eurozone: EU countries using the euro

The term eurozone refers to the group of EU countries that have adopted the euro as their official currency. As of 2025, 20 out of 27 EU member states use the euro. These countries share a central monetary policy governed by the European Central Bank (ECB):

• Austria
• Belgium
• Croatia
• Cyprus
• Estonia
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Greece
• Ireland
• Italy
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Luxembourg
• Malta
• Netherlands
• Portugal
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• Spain

In these countries, exchanging money is straightforward, cross-border travel is simplified, and price transparency is enhanced.

EU countries that do not use the euro

Despite being EU members, seven countries continue using their national currencies:

• Bulgaria – lev (BGN)
• Czech Republic – koruna (CZK)
• Denmark – krone (DKK)
• Hungary – forint (HUF)
• Poland – złoty (PLN)
• Romania – leu (RON)
• Sweden – krona (SEK)

Some countries have not adopted the euro due to a combination of economic considerations, ongoing evaluations of readiness, and varying levels of public and political support.

Non EU countries that use the euro

Some non EU nations also adopt the euro, either formally or unilaterally:

Countries using the euro through formal agreements

• Andorra
• Monaco
• San Marino
• Vatican City

These microstates have formal agreements with the EU allowing them to issue euro coins with national designs.

Countries using the euro unilaterally

• Kosovo
• Montenegro

These countries use the euro in everyday transactions, even though they do not have formal agreements with the EU. As a result, they do not mint their own euro coins or take part in European Central Bank policymaking.

Benefits and challenges of using the euro

Using the euro comes with major advantages. It creates price transparency across Europe, making it easier to compare costs, and eliminates currency exchange fluctuations, which is helpful for both travelers and businesses. It also boosts economic integration, simplifying trade, investment, and financial operations across member states.
However, adopting the euro means giving up monetary independence, as national banks defer to the European Central Bank. A shared monetary policy might not align with each country’s specific needs, and smaller or less stable economies may face difficulties adjusting without tailored economic tools. Still, the euro remains a key driver of unity and economic cooperation in Europe.

Traveling in the eurozone: why Forexchange is your best partner

If you’re planning a trip across euro using countries, efficient money management is key. That’s where Forexchange comes in.
Book your currency online, pick it up commission-free across Italy.
With Forexchange, you can book your euros online in advance, locking in a competitive rate. Then simply pick up your cash at any Forexchange location in Italy, commission-free. Find a branch near you here: https://www.forexchange.com/where-to-find-us

Other helpful Forexchange services

Planning a trip across Europe or exploring Italy in depth? Forexchange goes beyond just exchanging money — it offers a complete set of services designed to make your travels smoother, safer, and more enjoyable. Whether you’re catching trains, staying connected, or shopping tax-free, here’s how Forexchange can help:

• Tax Refund for non-EU travelers – Visitors from outside the European Union can reclaim VAT on eligible purchases made across the eurozone, saving money as they shop.
• Trenitalia ticket booking – Easily purchase train tickets for travel across Italy, from bustling cities to scenic countryside.
• Travel insurance – Be ready for the unexpected with coverage for travel disruptions, medical issues, and other emergencies.
• City audioguides – Discover the world’s top destinations at your own pace with multilingual audioguides available for cities across the globe.
• eSIM plans – Stay connected internationally with convenient eSIM options, offering data coverage in countries all around the world.

Whether you’re planning a getaway to iconic European cities like Rome, Paris, or Barcelona, or venturing off the beaten path to places like Andorra or Montenegro, knowing where the euro is accepted gives you a valuable advantage. It simplifies your travel, helps you budget wisely, and lets you focus on enjoying the experience. With Forexchange by your side throughout Italy, managing your currency is one less thing to worry about. Plan ahead, travel with confidence, and embrace every moment of your European adventure.